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Lab. on Chemical Redox Acceleration Technologies for Water Quality
Journal
Role of ranitidine in N-nitrosodimethylamine formation during chloramination of competing micropollutants | |
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Year of publication | 2021 |
Title of paper | Role of ranitidine in N-nitrosodimethylamine formation during chloramination of competing micropollutants |
Author | Mingizem Gashaw Seid, Jaeshik Chung, Jaewan Choe, Kangwoo Cho**, Seok Won Hong* |
Publication in journal | Science of The Total Environment |
Status of publication | accepted |
Vol | 756 |
Link | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720376877 828회 연결 |
Ranitidine (RNT) is a widely known precursor of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) as evinced by the self-catalytic formation of NDMA during chloramination. In the present study, the NDMA formation potentials (NDMA-FP) of 26 micropollutants were assessed, particularly when mixed with RNT. 11 compounds were identified as individual precursors, including trimebutine and cimetidine, which exhibited substantial NDMA-FP, with up to 10% molar yield. In addition, nitrosamines, other than NDMA, namely N-nitrosodiethylamine and N-nitrosomethylamine, were observed from diethylamine-containing precursors, such as metoclopramide. In a 1:1 mixture of RNT and a competitor, the change in NDMA-FP was mostly comparable (within 20% deviation), while antagonistic interactions were observed for competitors, such as diethylhydroxylamine. The scattered overall NDMA-FP should be considered as a product of competition among the precursors for core substrates and intermediates for NDMA formation. The co-existence of either trimebutine or metoclopramide with RNT led to an exceptionally synergetic NDMA generation. Degradation kinetics and chlorination/nitrosation experiments combined with mass spectroscopy analyses indicated that RNT would accelerate both the initial chlorination and nitrosation of trimebutine and metoclopramide, leading to N-nitroso complexes, which have well-understood NDMA formation pathways, i.e., amination with subsequent aminyl radical generation. This work demonstrates a wide array of precursors with NDMA-FP, suggesting that nitrosamine formation is potentially underestimated in field environments. |