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Lab. on Chemical Redox Acceleration Technologies for Water Quality
Journal
Changes in levels of N-nitrosamine formed from amine-containing compounds during chloramination via photocatalytic pretreatment with immobilized TiO2: Effect of source water and pH | |
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Year of publication | 2022 |
Title of paper | Changes in levels of N-nitrosamine formed from amine-containing compounds during chloramination via photocatalytic pretreatment with immobilized TiO2: Effect of source water and pH |
Author | Mingizem Gashaw Seid, Jeehye Byun, Wooyul Kim, Kangwoo Cho, and Seok Won Hong* |
Publication in journal | Journal of Hazardous Materials |
Status of publication | accepted |
Vol | 424 |
Link | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389421023669 623회 연결 |
We investigated the effectiveness of photocatalytic pretreatment (PCP) of precursors in minimizing the formation potentials (FPs) of carcinogenic nitrosamines, including N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), and N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA), during water chloramination. A steel mesh substrate with immobilized TiO2 was highly efficient at mitigating nitrosamine formation and removing targeted precursors such as ranitidine, nizatidine, trimebutine, triethanolamine, and metoclopramide. Compared to UVC/H2O2, PCP under UVA irradiation (intensity of 0.67 mW cm−2) was more effective for reducing nitrosamine-FPs during post-chloramination. However, the PCP efficacies varied with the water source, pretreatment pH, and irradiation time. For example, PCP of eutrophic water increased the NDMA-FPs, but produced notable reductions (up to 99%) for NDELA- and NDEA-FPs. Shorter irradiation times, up to 15 min, increased the NDELA-FP in triethanolamine, and the NDMA-FP in nizatidine and trimebutine. However, the nitrosamine-FP decreased by > 50% after PCP at a pH > 5.6, following irradiation for 120 min. Oxygen addition, N-de(m)ethylation, and N-dealkylation were responsible for decreasing nitrosamine-FPs via the destruction of key moieties; this has been elucidated by mass spectroscopy. This study suggests that PCP could be used as an alternative strategy for minimizing nitrosamine-FPs during water treatment. |